| Abstract ID |
| 20260083 |
| Category |
| Shoulder: Miscellaneous |
| Preferable Presentation |
| Poster |
| Title |
| WEARABLE SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR SHOULDER FUNCTION AND PROPRIOCEPTION ASSESSMENT: A SCOPING REVIEW |
| Author |
|
| Presenter |
| Adiputra pangestu |
| Abstract |
| Background The use of wearable sensor technology in shoulder rehabilitation and assessment has increased substantially in recent years, driven by its ability to provide objective, real-time measurements of shoulder function and proprioception. Despite this rapid growth, current applications remain fragmented, with wide variation in clinical populations, sensor modalities, and outcome measures. A clear and comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence is therefore needed to support clinical implementation and to identify gaps in the existing literature. Objectives This scoping review aimed to map the current evidence on the use of wearable sensor technology for shoulder function and proprioception assessment, identify the most commonly used sensor types and measurement parameters, describe the clinical populations studied, and highlight gaps to inform future research directions. Study Design This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Comprehensive searches were performed in the Scopus database for studies published between 2022 and 2025. The search strategy combined the terms shoulder, function or proprioception, and wearable, sensor, inertial sensor, or IMU within titles, abstracts, and keywords. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed articles published in English that investigated wearable sensor applications for shoulder function or proprioception assessment in clinical or sports populations. Exclusion criteria included non-English publications, studies not involving wearable sensor technology, research not focused on shoulder assessment, conference abstracts, and review articles without original data. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Data extraction included study characteristics, sensor technologies, outcome measures, clinical populations, and key findings. Results Of the 200 records initially identified, 149 studies met the inclusion criteria. The number of publications increased markedly over time, from 8 studies in 2022 to 55 studies in 2025. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) were the most frequently used sensor technology (49.7%), followed by electromyography integration (14.1%), other wearable sensors (8.7%), and motion capture systems (5.4%). Most studies focused on clinical assessment (58.4%), with a strong emphasis on rehabilitation interventions (47.7%). Post-stroke rehabilitation was the most commonly studied clinical population (16.8%), followed by proprioception training programs (18.1%), post-operative monitoring (20.8%), and sports performance evaluation (6.7%). Frequently assessed parameters included range of motion, movement kinematics, compensatory movement patterns, proprioceptive acuity, and functional performance metrics. Integration of machine learning for movement analysis and outcome prediction emerged as an increasingly prominent trend in recent publications. Conclusions Wearable sensor technology has rapidly evolved and is being applied across a broad range of settings for shoulder function and proprioception assessment, including rehabilitation, clinical evaluation, and sports performance. IMU-based systems currently represent the dominant approach for clinical implementation, with growing integration of artificial intelligence to enhance analytical capabilities. However, important gaps remain, particularly in the standardization of measurement protocols, validation in specific shoulder pathologies, and long-term monitoring applications. This scoping review highlights the expanding role of wearable sensors in objective shoulder assessment while underscoring the need for standardized approaches to support broader clinical adoption. |