Abstract
Background:
Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is characterized by chronic inflammation that increases upper airway resistance, leading to increased work of breathing and premature respiratory muscle fatigue during physical exertion. This physiological burden often limits the exercise capacity and quality of life in AR patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Biofeedback Respiratory Training (BFB) as a supplementary intervention to improve pulmonary function and cycling performance.
Study Design:
A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted with 30 participants diagnosed with AR (ages 18–35). Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (8 weeks of cycling exercise combined with BFB training) or a control group (general exercise only). Key outcomes measured included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 6-minute walk distance (6MWT), and a comprehensive assessment of AR clinical symptoms (nasal congestion, itching, and sneezing).
Results:
The findings revealed that the experimental group achieved significant physiological improvements. Specifically, FVC increased from 3.02 to 3.73 L and FEV1 rose from 2.07 to 2.97 L (p < 0.001), indicating enhanced lung expansion and airflow. Crucially, participants reported a significant reduction in the severity and frequency of AR symptoms compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This reduction in symptoms was directly correlated with improved cycling efficiency and increased endurance in the 6MWT, suggesting that strengthened respiratory muscles can compensate for nasal airway resistance.
Conclusions:
Biofeedback Respiratory Training serves as an effective non-pharmacological guideline for alleviating the clinical symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis. By optimizing respiratory muscle strength and breathing patterns, this intervention not only enhances cardiovascular fitness and cycling performance but also provides a sustainable method for symptom management. It is recommended that BFB be integrated into rehabilitation programs to reduce reliance on medication and improve the overall respiratory health of individuals suffering from chronic allergic rhinitis.
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